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动词替换：

 

1.Improve 提高：

 

Promote: 促进AC之间的贸易promote the trade between A and C; He was promoted to senior manager in this company.

 

Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably(非常的，可换做vastly) advanced.

 

Enhance: the publicity has enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他的名望

 

2.change 改变：

 

Transform:多指改头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容slight change。说到人口变化：the increasing population has transformed the landscape and structure of local industry structure.人口剧增改变了小镇的景色以及当地的工业结构

 

3.Emphasize 强调：

 

Highlight：the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native(可以换作local) plants and insects.

 

Stress: He stresses the need for parents to listen to their children.

 

Accentuate: the crisis accentuates the gap between rich and poor.

 

(highlight and emphasize 的区别：highlight是告诉人们重点，因而能够让别人注意，类似于老师勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。而stress则和emphasize差不多)

 

4.Develop培养：

 

Cultivate: cultivate the ability of … ；培养情操；cultivate a more relaxed and positive way towards life.

 

Nurture: 养育，同样可以指培养人才（talents）the sea nutures ample marine animals.

 

5.Break 破坏：

 

Impair：impair ability; 主要是破坏能力，莫乱用。

 

Undermine这个词也是指的是抽象意义上的破坏，有逐渐削弱之意，重点是循序渐进的过程。Undermine one’s ability/confidence/authority/position/credibility

 

Jeopardize: 不能乱用，破坏的东西要上一定的等级才能配上此词。比如Jeopardize the process of peace.破坏和平进程

 

Devastate特指毁灭、蹂躏 the earthquake devastated the whole city.

 

6.Keep 保存

 

Preserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西。

 

7.deal With解决

 

Tackle: tackle the problem.

 

Resolve: resolve dispute争论/conflict冲突/problem/issue/crisis危机；来自拉丁语，比较正式。

 

8.need 需要

 

Require：xxx requires courage and confidence.

 

Necessitate: 用法不简单，没有摸透。

 

call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个【我不晓得奥巴马咋个用的，原帖是这样说的，并且call for也挺正式的】）：跟need一样的用法

 

形容词替换：

 

1.Everywhere 普遍的

 

Widespread: 随便用

 

Prevalent：Drug abuse is especially prevalent among teenagers.

 

Overflow：泛滥 the garden is overflew with colors of flowers.

 

Rampant: 特指有害的东西泛滥，比如疾病，犯罪等，并且难于控制。H1n1 Virus is rampant in the world.甲流世界泛滥

 

2.Good 好的（太多了）

Impressive, glorious, amazing, brilliant, incredible, attractive…

 

Beneficial（反义词：detrimental）the drug is beneficial to the immune system.

 

Advantageous: 特指有益的。Advantageous industry：优势产业

 

3.Harmful 有害的

Unfavorable, horrible, disgusting

 

Inhumane: 没人性的

 

lousy (I’m fed up with the lousy job.)

 

severe (severe problem, illness, injuries.)

 

abysmal(低谷：their performance is abysmal.)

 

Detrimental: smoking is detrimental to your health.

 

Baneful: 现阶段用不到，文学作品里面的“邪恶”，完全诘屈聱牙。

 

4.Rich 富有的

 

Wealthy、Affluent、ample

 

There are a myriad of stars in the Milky Way. (银河系好多星星啊！！)

 

5.Poor 贫穷的

 

Impoverished（动词表示使贫穷： The great depression had impoverished many third world countries.）an impoverished student.

 

7.Serious 严重的

 

Severe

 

8.Obvious 明显的

 

Manifest: a manifest error judge明显判断失误; Adv. Manifestly .e.g. a manifestly unfair system.

 

Apparent、Evident

 

Patent: patent impossibilities. 显然不可能的事。

 

9.cheap 便宜的

 

Economical：经济的，不浪费，而不是单纯指某物便宜。经济适用房：economically affordable housing。

 

Inexpensive=cheap

 

Reasonable：价格合理的。Reasonable price

 

Affordable：能够支付的。

 

名词替换：

 

1.Forefather 祖先

 

Ancestor、Predecessor

 

2.Difference不同

 

Gap（简单但是牛）沟，generation gap——very common use in CET-4/6

 

Distinction: sharp/clear distinction between allergy and food intolerance (TBBT里面的Howard就有lactose intolerance，一吃peanuts就会肿，长荨麻疹rash哈哈。)

 

再想牛就用schism。比如“填平两个分支学科之间的分歧”heal the schism between clinical medicine and public health.(有本书就叫这个。)

 

3.Crime 犯罪

 

Delinquency：一般crime都用不到。指道德败坏，违法行为，为显示词汇量可以与crime连用

 

Criminal Act：犯罪行为

 

4.Environment 环境

 

Circumstance：under the circumstances. 相当抽象的词，“情况”。

 

Surrounding：表示周围居住的环境，想当具体。Nearby可与之互换。The surrounding area.

 

Atmosphere、Ambience：这两个词可替换，但是当atmosphere表示大气层的意思的时候则不能。

 

5.Pollution 污染

 

Contamination: 我觉得太装B了，他的pp还不错：contaminated water—特指被污染的水

 

6.Human 人类

 

Individual/men/ones/以及一切表示工人，农民公务员等等的词

 

The human race

 

Humankind

 

Humanity：特别指出，用来表示人性。其他一概不要用。虽然也有人之类的意思。

 

 

7.Danger 危险

 

Hazard：化学、物理危害；隐患：polluted water is a hazard to wild life and nature；safety/nature hazard.

 

8.In modern society 在当今社会

 

In contemporary society

 

In present-day society

 

In  this day and age（这是最牛的说法）